DAJE NAJJ!! Rozdział 28. Jesień Narodów - Analiza Polecenia 1

Polecenie 1. (3 punkty)

Określ, których państw dotyczą poniższe opisy.

a) Rząd stracił kontrolę nad państwem. W listopadzie 1989 roku, na wieść o otwarciu granicy tysiące mieszkańców ruszyły do przejść

This description points to East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The events of November 1989, specifically the fall of the Berlin Wall, are central to understanding the loss of government control. For decades, the GDR was a staunchly communist state, heavily influenced by the Soviet Union. The government, led by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), maintained a tight grip on power, suppressing dissent and limiting the freedoms of its citizens. The Berlin Wall, erected in 1961, symbolized this division, physically and ideologically separating East and West Berlin and, more broadly, East and West Germany. Throughout the 1980s, the communist bloc experienced increasing internal pressures. Economic stagnation, coupled with growing social unrest and the influence of reformist movements in neighboring countries like Poland and Hungary, weakened the GDR's authority. Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) in the Soviet Union further challenged the status quo within the Eastern Bloc. The opening of the Hungarian border with Austria in May 1989 created a loophole for East Germans seeking to escape to the West. Thousands of East Germans traveled to Hungary, hoping to cross into Austria and then West Germany. The GDR government, initially hesitant to use force to stop these departures, faced a growing crisis. The pressure mounted as protests and demonstrations increased within East Germany. Citizens demanded greater freedoms, democratic reforms, and the opening of the borders. The government's response was initially inconsistent, wavering between repression and concessions. The turning point came on November 9, 1989, when a bureaucratic miscommunication led to the announcement that the border crossings between East and West Berlin would be opened. The news spread like wildfire, and thousands of East Berliners flocked to the checkpoints along the Berlin Wall. Overwhelmed and unprepared, the border guards eventually opened the gates, allowing citizens to pass freely. This event, the fall of the Berlin Wall, became a symbol of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. It also marked the definitive loss of control by the East German government. The subsequent months saw rapid political changes in the GDR, culminating in the reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990. The peaceful revolution in East Germany was a testament to the determination of its citizens to achieve freedom and democracy, and it played a crucial role in reshaping the political landscape of Europe.

In summary, the description provided clearly points to East Germany due to the specific mention of November 1989 and the mass movement of people towards the border crossings. This period witnessed the dramatic fall of the Berlin Wall and the unraveling of the communist regime, signifying the government's loss of control over the state. The historical context surrounding these events, including the internal pressures within the Eastern Bloc and the influence of reformist movements, further solidifies East Germany as the correct answer. The peaceful nature of the revolution and the subsequent reunification of Germany underscore the significance of this period in European history.