How Can I Optimize The Glare Control And Thermal Performance Of A Triple-glazed Façade With A Low-e Coating In A High-rise Office Building Located In A Humid Subtropical Climate, While Also Integrating A Dynamic Daylighting System That Utilizes An Array Of Tubular Skylights And A Phase-change Material-based Thermal Mass, To Achieve A Net-positive Energy Building With An Annual Energy Savings Of At Least 30% Compared To ASHRAE 90.1-2016?

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To achieve a net-positive energy high-rise office building in a humid subtropical climate with at least 30% annual energy savings compared to ASHRAE 90.1-2016, the following optimized design and integration strategy is proposed:

1. Optimized Triple-Glazed Façade

  • Glass and Coatings: Use triple glazing with low-e coatings, applying different coatings on different panes based on orientation to balance solar control and transparency.
  • Gas Fill: Incorporate argon or krypton gas between panes for enhanced insulation.
  • Frame Material: Select low-conductivity materials like fiberglass or vinyl for frames.
  • Glare Control: Implement electrochromic glass for dynamic tinting to manage glare and heat gain, supplemented by external shading devices (e.g., overhangs, louvers) on east and west facades.

2. Dynamic Daylighting System

  • Tubular Skylights: Strategically place skylights to maximize daylight, using diffusers for even light distribution and smart controls to dim artificial lighting when natural light is sufficient.
  • Interior Design: Use light-colored surfaces to enhance light reflection and distribution.

3. Phase-Change Material (PCM) Thermal Mass

  • PCM Selection: Choose materials with high latent heat capacity and thermal conductivity, ensuring proper encapsulation to prevent degradation.
  • Integration: Incorporate PCM into building structures (e.g., walls, floors) to absorb heat during the day and release it at night, reducing cooling loads.

4. Energy Management and HVAC Optimization

  • Building Management System (BMS): Implement a BMS to monitor and control all systems, optimizing energy use and integrating renewable energy sources.
  • Hybrid HVAC: Utilize a system combining radiant cooling with PCM and natural ventilation for efficiency.

5. Renewable Energy Integration

  • Solar Energy: Install solar panels or BIPV to generate electricity, potentially using façade-integrated systems for dual purpose shading and energy generation.

6. Commissioning and Monitoring

  • Commissioning: Ensure all systems are commissioned for optimal performance.
  • Monitoring and Maintenance: Continuously monitor performance and maintain systems (e.g., cleaning skylights, checking controls) to sustain efficiency.

7. Material Selection and Water Management

  • High-Performance Materials: Use durable, weather-resistant materials to withstand humidity.
  • Water Management: Ensure proper drainage and sealing to prevent condensation issues.

8. Economic and Environmental Considerations

  • Cost-Benefit Analysis: Balance initial costs with long-term energy savings and potential payback.
  • System Integration: Ensure seamless integration of all components to avoid conflicts and enhance overall performance.

By integrating these strategies, the building can achieve significant energy savings, reduce environmental impact, and maintain a comfortable indoor environment, ultimately reaching the net-positive energy goal.