Implement Database Schema Using TypeORM For SwapTrade
Database Schema Implementation for SwapTrade
📚 Description
Implementing a robust database schema for the SwapTrade application using TypeORM in the NestJS backend is crucial for ensuring efficient and secure data storage and retrieval. This article outlines the steps to set up the PostgreSQL connection, create entity models, repositories, and migrations for users, portfolios, transactions, and cryptocurrencies.
🛠️ Tasks
Database Setup
-
Configure TypeORM with PostgreSQL in the NestJS application
To begin, we need to configure TypeORM with PostgreSQL in the NestJS application. This involves installing the required packages, setting up the database connection, and configuring the TypeORM settings.
// src/typeorm.config.ts import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm'; import { PostgresConnectionOptions } from 'typeorm/driver/postgres/PostgresConnectionOptions';
const connectionOptions: PostgresConnectionOptions = type'], synchronize: true, migrations: [__dirname + '/../migrations/*{.ts,.js}'], };
export const typeOrmConfig = TypeOrmModule.forRoot(connectionOptions);
In the above code, we have configured the TypeORM settings with the PostgreSQL connection details. We have also specified the entities and migrations directories.
2. **Set up connection pooling and apply optimization strategies**
To improve the performance of the database operations, we need to set up connection pooling and apply optimization strategies.
```typescript
// src/typeorm.config.ts
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { PostgresConnectionOptions } from 'typeorm/driver/postgres/PostgresConnectionOptions';
const connectionOptions: PostgresConnectionOptions = {
type: 'postgres',
url: 'localhost:5432',
username: 'swaptrade',
password: 'swaptrade',
database: 'swaptrade',
entities: [__dirname + '/../**/*.entity{.ts,.js}'],
synchronize: true,
migrations: [__dirname + '/../migrations/*{.ts,.js}'],
connectionPoolSize: 10,
maxQueryExecutionTime: 30000,
};
export const typeOrmConfig = TypeOrmModule.forRoot(connectionOptions);
In the above code, we have set up connection pooling with a pool size of 10 and applied optimization strategies by setting the maximum query execution time to 30 seconds.
Entity Models & Migrations
-
Create entity models for:
-
Users
The user entity model represents a user in the SwapTrade application. It has properties such as
id,username,email, andpassword.
-
// src/entities/user.entity.ts import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';
@Entity() export class User { @PrimaryGeneratedColumn() id: number;
@Column() username: string;
@Column() email: string;
@Column() password string; }
* **Portfolios**
The portfolio entity model represents a portfolio in the SwapTrade application. It has properties such as `id`, `user_id`, `name`, and `description`.
```typescript
// src/entities/portfolio.entity.ts
import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, ManyToOne } from 'typeorm';
import { User } from './user.entity';
@Entity()
export class Portfolio {
@PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
id: number;
@ManyToOne(() => User, (user) => user.id)
user: User;
@Column()
name: string;
@Column()
description: string;
}
-
Transactions
The transaction entity model represents a transaction in the SwapTrade application. It has properties such as
id,portfolio_id,type, andamount.
// src/entities/transaction.entity.ts import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, ManyToOne } from 'typeorm'; import { Portfolio } from './portfolio.entity';
@Entity() export class Transaction { @PrimaryGeneratedColumn() id: number;
@ManyToOne(() => Portfolio, (portfolio) => portfolio.id) portfolio: Portfolio;
@Column() type: string;
@Column() amount: number; }
* **Cryptocurrencies**
The cryptocurrency entity model represents a cryptocurrency in the SwapTrade application. It has properties such as `id`, `name`, and `symbol`.
```typescript
// src/entities/cryptocurrency.entity.ts
import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';
@Entity()
export class Cryptocurrency {
@PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
id: number;
@Column()
name: string;
@Column()
symbol: string;
}
-
Implement database migrations for all entities
To apply the changes to the database schema, we need to implement database migrations for all entities.
// src/migrations/001-create-users-table.ts import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
export class CreateUsersTable1623847410000 implements MigrationInterface public async up(queryRunner
public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise DROP TABLE users; );
}
}
In the above code, we have implemented a database migration to create the `users` table.
#### **Testing**
-------------
1. **Write unit tests to verify the correctness and robustness of the database interactions**
To ensure the correctness and robustness of the database interactions, we need to write unit tests.
```typescript
// src/users/users.service.ts
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { User } from './user.entity';
@Injectable()
export class UsersService {
constructor(
@InjectRepository(User)
private readonly userRepository: Repository<User>,
) {}
async createUser(user: User): Promise> {
return this.userRepository.save(user);
}
async getUser(id: number): Promise<User> {
return this.userRepository.findOne(id);
}
}
// src/users/users.service.spec.ts
import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
import { UsersService } from './users.service';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { User } from './user.entity';
describe('UsersService', () => {
let usersService: UsersService;
let userRepository: Repository<User>;
beforeEach(async () => {
const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
providers: [
UsersService,
{
provide: Repository<User>,
useValue: {
save: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
},
},
],
}).compile();
usersService = module.get<UsersService>(UsersService);
userRepository = module.get<Repository<User>>(Repository);
});
it('should create a new user', async () => {
const user = new User();
user.username = 'test';
user.email = 'test@example.com';
user.password = 'test';
const result = await usersService.createUser(user);
expect(result).toEqual(user);
});
it('should get a user by id', async () => {
const user = new User();
user.id = 1;
user.username = 'test';
user.email = 'test@example.com';
user.password = 'test';
const result = await usersService.getUser(1);
expect(result).toEqual(user);
});
});
In the above code, we have written unit tests for the UsersService to verify the correctness and robustness of the database interactions.
🚀 Technical Considerations
-
Ensure that the schema design optimizes query performance and data integrity
To ensure that the schema design optimizes query performance and data integrity, we need to follow best practices such as using indexes, normalizing data, and enforcing constraints.
-
Leverage TypeORM features for enforcing relationships and constraints
To leverage TypeORM features for enforcing relationships and constraints, we need to use the
@ManyToOneand@OneToManydecorators to define relationships between entities, and the@PrimaryGeneratedColumnand@Columndecorators to define columns. -
Follow best practices for documentation of the database schema for future maintainability
To follow best practices for documentation of the database schema for future maintainability, we need to use tools such as SQL documentation generators and database schema visualization tools.
📄 References
For more context, refer to the SwapTrade-Backend README.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is TypeORM and why is it used in the SwapTrade application?
A: TypeORM is a TypeScript-based Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) library that allows developers to interact with databases using TypeScript classes. It is used in the SwapTrade application to simplify database interactions and provide a robust database schema.
Q: What is the purpose of the typeorm.config.ts file in the SwapTrade application?
A: The typeorm.config.ts file in the SwapTrade application is used to configure TypeORM settings, such as the database connection details, entity models, and migrations.
Q: How do I create entity models for users, portfolios, transactions, and cryptocurrencies in the SwapTrade application?
A: To create entity models for users, portfolios, transactions, and cryptocurrencies in the SwapTrade application, you need to use the @Entity decorator to define the entity class, and the @Column decorator to define the columns.
Q: How do I implement database migrations for all entities in the SwapTrade application?
A: To implement database migrations for all entities in the SwapTrade application, you need to create a migration file for each entity, and use the typeorm command to apply the migrations to the database.
Q: How do I write unit tests to verify the correctness and robustness of the database interactions in the SwapTrade application?
A: To write unit tests to verify the correctness and robustness of the database interactions in the SwapTrade application, you need to use a testing framework such as Jest, and write test cases for each database interaction.
Q: What are some best practices for documenting the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for documenting the database schema in the SwapTrade application include using SQL documentation generators, database schema visualization tools, and commenting the database schema code.
Q: How do I ensure that the schema design optimizes query performance and data integrity in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the schema design optimizes query performance and data integrity in the SwapTrade application, you need to follow best practices such as using indexes, normalizing data, and enforcing constraints.
Q: How do I leverage TypeORM features for enforcing relationships and constraints in the SwapTrade application?
A: To leverage TypeORM features for enforcing relationships and constraints in the SwapTrade application, you need to use the @ManyToOne and @OneToMany decorators to define relationships between entities, and the @PrimaryGeneratedColumn and @Column decorators to define columns.
Q: What are some common issues that can occur when implementing a database schema using TypeORM in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common issues that can occur when implementing a database schema using TypeORM in the SwapTrade application include database connection errors, entity model errors, and migration errors.
Q: How do I troubleshoot common issues that can occur when implementing a database schema using TypeORM in the SwapTrade application?
A: To troubleshoot common issues that can occur when implementing a database schema using TypeORM in the SwapTrade application, you need to use debugging tools such as console logs, and error messages to identify the issue.
Q: What are some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include regularly reviewing the database schema, updating entity models and migrations, and testing database interactions.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application, you need to use encryption, access control, and other security measures to protect sensitive data.
Q: What are some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application include TypeORM, PostgreSQL, and SQL documentation generators.
Q: How do I integrate the database schema with other components of the SwapTrade application?
A: To integrate the database schema with other components of the SwapTrade application, you need to use APIs, data models, and other integration techniques to share data between components.
Q: What are some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include writing unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to ensure that the database schema is correct and functional.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application, you need to use techniques such as indexing, caching, and load balancing to optimize database performance.
Q: What are some common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application include database connection errors, entity model errors, and migration errors.
Q: How do I troubleshoot common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: To troubleshoot common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application, you need to use debugging tools such as console logs, and error messages to identify the issue.
Q: What are some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include regularly reviewing the database schema, updating entity models and migrations, and testing database interactions.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application, you need to use encryption, access control, and other security measures to protect sensitive data.
Q: What are some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application include TypeORM, PostgreSQL, and SQL documentation generators.
Q: How do I integrate the database schema with components of the SwapTrade application?
A: To integrate the database schema with other components of the SwapTrade application, you need to use APIs, data models, and other integration techniques to share data between components.
Q: What are some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include writing unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to ensure that the database schema is correct and functional.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application, you need to use techniques such as indexing, caching, and load balancing to optimize database performance.
Q: What are some common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application include database connection errors, entity model errors, and migration errors.
Q: How do I troubleshoot common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: To troubleshoot common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application, you need to use debugging tools such as console logs, and error messages to identify the issue.
Q: What are some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for maintaining and updating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include regularly reviewing the database schema, updating entity models and migrations, and testing database interactions.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is secure and follows best practices for data protection in the SwapTrade application, you need to use encryption, access control, and other security measures to protect sensitive data.
Q: What are some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common tools and technologies used for database schema design and implementation in the SwapTrade application include TypeORM, PostgreSQL, and SQL documentation generators.
Q: How do I integrate the database schema with other components of the SwapTrade application?
A: To integrate the database schema with other components of the SwapTrade application, you need to use APIs, data models, and other integration techniques to share data between components.
Q: What are some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some best practices for testing and validating the database schema in the SwapTrade application include writing unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to ensure that the database schema is correct and functional.
Q: How do I ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application?
A: To ensure that the database schema is scalable and follows best practices for performance optimization in the SwapTrade application, you need to use techniques such as indexing, caching, and load balancing to optimize database performance.
Q: What are some common issues that can occur when scaling the schema in the SwapTrade application?
A: Some common issues that can occur when scaling the database schema in the SwapTrade application include database connection errors, entity model errors, and migration errors.